hafa tölu á e-u

[tʰa:la]

I f tölu, tölur

II v talaði

1. vi

1) говорить

2) разговаривать

tala af ser

tala saman

tala um

tala utan

3. talast

talast til

talast við

II. f tölu, tölur

III. f tölu, tölur

1) пуговица

2) кусок жевательного табака

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1) speech, discourse (þá hóf hann tölu sína upp ok sagði); láta ganga töluna, to go on with one’s tale (Þórir þagði, meðan Grettir lét ganga töluna);

2) tale, number; hann hafði tölu á þessum mönnum, he took tale of, counted them; hafa e-n í þræla tölu, to reckon one among thralls, treat one as a thrall;

3) number, in grammar;

4) bead (glertala).

(að), v.

1) to talk, speak (tala hátt ok hvellt); with acc., síðan töluðu þeir leyniliga ráðagørð sína, after that they talked over their plans by themselves;

2) to speak, make a speech (talaði konungr fyrir liðinu ok mælti svá);

3) to record, tell; ok er ekki um hans ferðir at t. fyrr en hann kemr heim, there is nothing to tell about his journey till he comes home;

4) with preps., t. til e-s, to talk (speak) to one (Rútr talaði þá til Marðar); to talk about, = t. um e-t; t. við e-n, to speak to one (nú talar Flosi við menn sína); recipr., þeir töluðust mart við, they talked about many things.

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u, f. [tala, the verb], a talk, speech, oration; hafði konungr allt í einni tölu at hann sagði fyrir skipinu, ok setti grið manna í milli, Fms. ix. 480; né ek heyrða tölu greiðri, Sighvat; hann tók at lofa þessa tölu ( this speech), 656 A. ii. 16; láta ganga töluna, Grett.; telja tölu fyrir e-m, to make a speech, lecture, Hom. (St.); hann snéri þá tölunni á hendr þeim bræðrum, Fms. iv. 380; þá hóf hann tölu sína upp, ok sagði, Íb. 12.

II. a tale, number, Edda 120; öll tala minni enn tíu, Hb. 544, 151; hann hafði tölu á þessum mönnum (took tale of, counted them), at þeir vóru tólf, Grett. 97; þar mátti eigi tölu á koma, not to be told, Barl. 26; margfalleg tala, Skálda 185; einn í tölu þeirra sjálfra, one of them, 623. 35; í kappa tölu, í þræla tölu, of the number of, Fms. i. 289; vinna eiða at tölum at réttar eru talðar, Grág. i. 327.

2. an account; kost á kona at beiða talna búanda sinn um fjárfar á milli þeirra, Grág. i. 336; hans tala skal standa á fé sjálfs, K. Þ. K. 146: calculation, tölur eru tvennar, Rb. 2.

3. a bead, of pearl or glass; gler-t., D. N., and in mod. usage, so called from the practice of telling beads while the Pater Noster was said; tölur með raf, iii. 260.

COMPDS: talnaband, talnafræði, tölueyrir, tölumaðr, tolumark, tölusnjallr, tölusveinn, töluverðr.

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1) speech, discourse (þá hóf hann tölu sína upp ok sagði); láta ganga töluna, to go on with one’s tale (Þórir þagði, meðan Grettir lét ganga töluna);

2) tale, number; hann hafði tölu á þessum mönnum, he took tale of, counted them; hafa e-n í þræla tölu, to reckon one among thralls, treat one as a thrall;

3) number, in grammar;

4) bead (glertala).

(að), v.

1) to talk, speak (tala hátt ok hvellt); with acc., síðan töluðu þeir leyniliga ráðagørð sína, after that they talked over their plans by themselves;

2) to speak, make a speech (talaði konungr fyrir liðinu ok mælti svá);

3) to record, tell; ok er ekki um hans ferðir at t. fyrr en hann kemr heim, there is nothing to tell about his journey till he comes home;

4) with preps., t. til e-s, to talk (speak) to one (Rútr talaði þá til Marðar); to talk about, = t. um e-t; t. við e-n, to speak to one (nú talar Flosi við menn sína); recipr., þeir töluðust mart við, they talked about many things.

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að, [Swed. tala; Dan. tale; A. S. tale, talian; cp. telja], to talk; tölum þetta eigi lengr, Ísl. ii. 237; mun ek þetta mál tala við föður minu, talk it over with him, Lv. 22; síðan töluðu þeir leyniliga ráða-görð sína, Nj. 5; tala hljótt, 140; tala hátt ok hvellt, Fms. i. 215; Njáll talar ( says), at mönnum væri mál at lýsa sökum sínum, Nj. 149; síðan töluðu þeir mart, 3; þeir bræðr töluðu, Glúmr ok Þórarinn, 22; töluðu þeir Ketill allan dag, 146.

2. to speak, make a speech; talaði konungr fyrir liðinu ok mælti svá, Ó. H. 204; talaði sitt eyrendi hvárr þeirra, Nj. 188; tala langt örendi ok snjallt, Fms. x. 163; er hann hafði talat snjallt örendi … þóat bændr talaði snjallt, þá brásk þat þó jafnan yfir er konungr talaði, 322; þetta þarf eigi optarr at tala, to discuss; tala af hendi e-s, to speak in one’s behalf, i. 21.

3. to record; ok er ekki um hans ferðir at tala fyrr enn hann kemr heim, Nj. 215: = telja, tala trú fyrir mönnum, Fms. x. 17; er þau mál vóru fram talað (i. e. töluð), Sks. 642, (rare.)

II. with prepp.; tala um e-t, to talk about; hann talaði þar um mörgum fögrum orðum, Nj. 255; tala þeir um málit, ok þykkir þeim eigi einn veg báðum, 139; þeir töluðu mart um draum þenna, 280; þá skal Kári um tala. 139; leita um sættir ok varð saman talat, agreed, Bs. i. 547:—tala eptir við e-n, Dipl. v. 14; tala eptir víg, = mæla eptir víg, Dropl. 10:—tala til e-s, to talk to one, Nj. 3; of a thing, þeir bræðr töluðu til ( entreated) at Kári mundi fara til Grjótár, 139; finnsk honum fátt um, ok talar ekki til þessa gripar, makes no remarks. Fas. i. 317; þeir kváðusk mikit eiga at Þráni nær sem þeir talaði til ( laid claim to it), Nj. 139:—tala við e-n, to speak to, address, Nú talar Flósi við menn sína, 197; Njáll talaði við Höskuld, 139, 148; Hafr sat í miðri búðinni ok talaði við mann, 182; tala við e-n um e-t, Fms. x. 12; tala þeim orðum við konung, id.

III. reflex., okkr hefir talask svá til, we have agreed.

2. recipr., þeir töluðusk mart við, Nj. 222; töluðusk þeir við, sagði Ölvir at …, Eg. 62.

3. part. talað, spoken; ú-talað, unspoken; van-talað, var-talað, of-talað.

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1) speech, discourse (þá hóf hann tölu sína upp ok sagði); láta ganga töluna, to go on with one’s tale (Þórir þagði, meðan Grettir lét ganga töluna);

2) tale, number; hann hafði tölu á þessum mönnum, he took tale of, counted them; hafa e-n í þræla tölu, to reckon one among thralls, treat one as a thrall;

3) number, in grammar;

4) bead (glertala).

(að), v.

1) to talk, speak (tala hátt ok hvellt); with acc., síðan töluðu þeir leyniliga ráðagørð sína, after that they talked over their plans by themselves;

2) to speak, make a speech (talaði konungr fyrir liðinu ok mælti svá);

3) to record, tell; ok er ekki um hans ferðir at t. fyrr en hann kemr heim, there is nothing to tell about his journey till he comes home;

4) with preps., t. til e-s, to talk (speak) to one (Rútr talaði þá til Marðar); to talk about, = t. um e-t; t. við e-n, to speak to one (nú talar Flosi við menn sína); recipr., þeir töluðust mart við, they talked about many things.

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adv. deceivingly; in ú-tála, Lex. Poët.

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(dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn), v.

1) to draw, drag, pull;

draga heim viðinn, to drag the logs home;

draga árar, to pull the oars;

absol., drógu þeir skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them;

draga boga, to draw the bow;

draga segl, to hoist sails (= draga upp segl);

draga fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line;

draga kvernstein, to turn the millstone, to grind;

við ramman mun reip at draga, it will be pulling a rope against a strong man, i. e. it will be a difficult task;

2) to draw, inhale (draga úþefjan með nösum);

draga nasir af e-u, to smell a thing;

draga öndina, to breathe, live;

3) to procure, earn, gain (þegar hann hafði fé dregit sem hann vildi);

draga e-m e-t, to procure (or get) one a thing (eigi sögðust þeir vita, at hann drœgi Haraldi ríki);

4) to employ as a measure (draga kvarða við viðmál);

5) to prolong protract (dvalir þessar drógu tímann);

6) to delay, put off, defer;

vil ek þessi svör ekki láta draga fyrir mér lengi, I will not wait long for these answers;

hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge;

7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli);

í þann tíma sem hann dregr klæðaföllin (the folds);

8) to trim or line garments (treyjan var dregin útan ok innan við rauða silki);

with dat., hjálmr hans var dreginn leiri (overlaid with clay), er áðr var (dreginn) gulli;

9) intrans to move, draw;

drógu þeir þeim svá nær (came so near to them), at;

10) with preps.:

draga föt, skóklædi af e-m, to pull off one’s clothes, shoes;

draga hring af hendi sér, to take off a ring from one’s hand;

dró hann þá grunninu, he pulled them off the shallow;

draga e-t af e-u, to draw, derive from a source;

draga e-t af, to take off (Þ. hafði látit af draga brúna);

draga e-t af við e-n, to keep back, withhold, from one;

man héðan af eigi af dregit við oss, henceforth we shall no be neglected, stinted;

Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself;

draga vél at e-m, to draw wiles around one;

draga spott, skaup, at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule;

draga at lið, föng, to collect troops, stores;

dró at honum sóttin, the illness drew closer to him, he grew worse;

impers., dró at mætti hans, dró at um matt hans, his strength declined (fell off);

til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew near;

þá er dregr at jólum, when Yule drew near;

dró at því (the time drew near). at hann væri banvænn;

tók þá at draga fast at heyjum hans, his stock of hay was rapidly diminishing;

svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd, þorsta, I am so overcome by old age, hunger, thirst;

nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, that thou art sinking fast;

draga hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand;

draga (grun) á e-t, to suspect;

draga á vetr, to rear through the winter (Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið);

impers., dregr á tunglit, the moon is obscured (= dregr myrkr á tunglit);

dimmu þykkir draga á ráðit Odds, it looks as if a cloud was drawing over Odds’ affairs;

dregr á gleði biskups, the bishop’s gladness was obscured;

draga eptir e-m, to gain on one (Þórarinn sótti ákaft róðrinn ok hans menn, ok drógu skjótt eptir þeim Steinólfi ok Kjallaki);

draga eptir e-m um e-t, to approach one, to be nearly equal to one, in a thing;

um margar íþróttir (in many accomplishments) dró hann fast eptir Ólafi konungi;

draga e-t fram, to produce, bring forward (draga fram athugasamlig dœmi); to further, promote (draga fram hlut e-s);

draga fram kaupeyri sinn, to make money;

draga fram skip, to launch a ship;

impers., dregr frá, (cloud darkness) is drawn off;

hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum dró frá, (clouds) drew sometimes over, sometimes off;

dregr fyrir sól, tungl, the sun, moon is obscured by clouds or eclipse (tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir);

ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar, when showers began to gather;

draga e-ð saman, to collect, gather (draga lið, her, skip saman);

impers., saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain;

saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together;

dregr þá saman or dregr saman með þeim, the distance between them grows less;

draga e-t í sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin (vil ek eigi draga í sundr sættir yðrar);

impers., dregr þá í sundr or dregr í sundr með þeim, the distance between them increases;

draga e-n til e-s, to move, prompt, induce;

engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, it is not from wantonness that I undertake this journey;

slíkt dregr hann til vinsældar, this furthers his popularity;

ef hann drógi ekki til, if he was not concerned;

draga e-t til dœmis um e-t, to adduce as a proof of;

hann hét at draga allt til sætta (to do everything in his power for reconciliation) með þeim Skota konungi;

impers., nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out for the worse;

with dat., þat samband þeirra, er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will prove fatal to both of them;

at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that much mischief would arise from this bargain;

dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began all over again;

svá er þat, segir R., ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforesceen thing happens;

draga e-t undan e-m, to seek to deprive one of a thing (þeir hafa bundizt í því at draga bœndr undan þér);

draga e-t undan, to delay (drógu Skotar undan sættina);

hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín? why dost thou put off inviting me to come?;

draga rót undan (tölu), to extract the root;

draga undan e-m, to escape from one (nú lægir seglin þeirra ok draga þeir undan oss);

impers., hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape;

lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little chance of drawing out of thy reach;

draga e-t undir sik, to apropriate or take fraudulently to oneself (hafði dregit undir sik finnskattinn);

impers., dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you came in for hard uasge but we escaped;

draga upp skip, to drag a ship ashore;

draga upp segl, to hoist a sail (sails);

draga upp fisk, to pull up fish with a line;

impers., þoku dregr upp, fog is coming on;

11) refl., dragast.

f. only in pl. ‘drögur’,

1) timber carried on horseback and trailing along the ground;

2) metric term, repetition, anadiplosis (when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one).

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pret. dró, pl. drógu; part. dreginn; pres. dreg: pret. subj. drægi: [Lat. trahere; Ulf. dragan, but only once or twice, = επισωρεύειν in 2 Tim. iv. 3; Hel. dragan = portare, ferre (freq.); A. S. dragan; Germ. tragen; the Engl. distinguishes between to drag and draw, whence the derived words to draggle, trail, drawl; Swed. draga; the Danes have drage, but nearly obliterated except in the special sense to travel,—otherwise they have trække, formed from the mod. Germ. tragen]:—to draw, drag, carry, pull.

A. ACT., with acc.

I. to drag, carry, pull; hann dró þau öll út, Nj. 131; djöfla þá er yðr munu d. til eilífra kvala, 273; d. heim við, to drag the logs home, 53; d. sauði, to pick sheep out of a fold, Bs. i. 646, Eb. 106; d. skip fram, to launch a ship; d. upp, to draw her up, drag her ashore, Grág. ii. 433; dró Þorgils eptir sér fiskinn, Fs. 129; Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself, Eg. 221, 306; dró hann þá af grunninu, Fms. vii. 264; hann hafði dregit ( pulled) hött síðan yfir hjálm, Eg. 375, cp. Ad. 3; d. föt, skóklæði af e-m, to draw off clothes, shoes; þá var dregin af ( stripped off) hosa líkinu, Fms. viii. 265; dró hann hana á hönd ser, he pulled it on his hand, Eg. 378; d. hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand, 306; (hann) tók gullhring, ok dró ( pulled) á blóðrefilinn, id.: phrases, er við ramman reip at d., ’tis to pull a rope against the strong man, i. e. to cope with the mighty, Fms. ii. 107, Nj. 10,—the metaphor from a game; d. árar, to pull the oars, Fms. ii. 180, Grett. 125 A: absol. to pull, ok drógu skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them, Gullþ. 24, Krók. 52: metaph., um margar íþróttir dró hann fast eptir Ólafi, in many accomplishments he pressed hard upon Olave, Fms. iii. 17: d. boga, to draw the bow, x. 362, but more freq. benda ( bend) boga: d., or d. upp segl, to hoist the sails, Eg. 93, Fms. ix. 21, x. 349, Orkn. 260: d. fiska, or simply draga (Luke v. 7), to fish with a hook, to pull up fish with a line (hence fisk-dráttr, dráttr, fishing), Fms. iv. 89, Hým. 21, 23, Fs. 129, Landn. 36, Fas. ii. 31: d. drátt, Luke v. 4; d. net, to fish with a drag-net; also absol., draga á (on or in) á ( a river), to drag a river; hence the metaphor, d. langa nót at e-u, = Lat. longae ambages, Nj. 139: d. steina, to grind in a hand-mill, Sl. 58, Gs. 15: d. bust ór nefi e-m, vide bust: d. anda, to draw breath; d. öndina um barkann, id., (andar-dráttr, drawing breath); d. tönn, to draw a tooth.

2. phrases mostly metaph.; d. seim, prop. to draw wire, metaph. to read or talk with a drawling tone; d. nasir af e-u, to smell a thing, Ísl. ii. 136; d. dám af e-u, to draw flavour from; draga dæmi af e-u, or d. e-t til dæmis, to draw an example from a thing, Stj. 13, cp. Nj. 65; d. þýðu eðr samræði til e-s, to draw towards, feel sympathy for, Sks. 358; d. grun á e-t, to suspect, Sturl.; d. spott, skaup, gys, etc. at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule, Bs. i. 647; d. á sik dul ok dramb, to assume the air of…, 655 xi. 3; d. á sik ofbeldi ok dramb, Fms. vii. 20; d. e-n á talar, to deceive one, metaphor from leading into a trap, 2 Cor. xii. 17; d. vél at e-m, to deceive one, draw a person into wiles, Nj. 280, Skv. i. 33; d. á vetr, to get one’s sheep and cattle through the winter; Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið hin firstu misseri, Hrafn. 22, cp. Germ. anbinden, and in mod. Icel. usage setja á vetr; d. nafn af e-m, to draw, derive the name from, Eb. 126 (App.) new Ed.; the phrase, (hann skyldi ekki) fleiri ár yfir höfuð d., more years should not pass over his head, he must die, Þórð.

II. to draw a picture; kross let hann d. í enni á öllum hjálmum með bleiku, Fms. iv. 96; þá dró Tjörvi líkneski þeirra á kamarsvegg, Landn. 247; var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli, Ld. 78, Pr. 428; í þann tíma sem hann dregr ( draws) klæða-föllin (the folds), Mar. (Fr.): d. til stafs (mod.), to draw the letters, of children first trying to write; d. fjöðr yfir e-t, a metaph. phrase, to draw a pen over or through, to hide, cloak a thing: gramm. to mark a vowel with a stroke,—a long vowel opp. to a short one is thus called ‘dreginn;’ hljóðstafir hafa tvenna grein, at þeir sé styttir ( short) eða dregnir (drawn, marked with a stroke), ok er því betr dregit yfir þann staf er seint skal at kveða, e. g. ári Ari, ér er-, mínu minni, Skálda 171: to measure, in the phrases, draga kvarða við vaðmál, Grág. i. 497, 498; draga lérept, N. G. L. i. 323.

III. to line clothes, etc.; treyja var dregin utan ok innan við rauðu silki, Flov. 19.

IV. metaph. to delay; dró hann svá sitt mál, at…, Sturl. iii. 13; hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge, Hkr. ii. 157; Halldórr dró þá heldr fyrir þeim, H. then delayed the time, Ld. 322; vil ek ekki lengr d. þetta fyrir þér, 284; vil ek þessi svör eigi láta d. fyrir mér lengr, Eb. 130.

V. with prepp. af, at, á, fram, frá, saman, sundr, etc., answering to the Lat. attrahere, abstrahere, protrahere, detrahere, distrahere, contrahere, etc.; d. at lið, to collect troops; d. saman her, id., Eg. 172, 269, Nj. 127; d. at föng, to collect stores, 208, 259: metaph., þá dró at honum sóttin, the sickness drew nearer to him, he grew worse, Grett. 119; d. af e-m, to take off, to disparage a person, Fms. vi. 287; d. af við e-n, ok mun héðan af ekki af dregit við oss, we shall not be neglected, stinted, Bjarn. 54: mathem. term, to subtract, Rb. 118: d. fram, to bring forward, promote; d. fram þræla, Fms. x. 421, ix. 254, Eg. 354; skil ek þat, at þat man mína kosti hér fram d. (it will be my greatest help here), at þú átt ekki vald á mér; d. fram kaupeyri, to make money, Fms. vi. 8; d. saman, to draw together, collect, join, Bs. ii. 18, Nj. 65, 76; d. sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin; d. e-t á, to intimate, (á-dráttr) drag eigi á þat, Sturl. iii. 110; d. undan, to escape; kómu segli við ok drógu undan, Fms. iv. 201; nú lægir segl þeirra ok d. þeir nú undan oss, v. 11: metaph. to delay, Uspakr dró þó undan allt til nætr, Nj. 272; hirðin sá þetta at svá mjök var undan dregit, Fms. ix. 251 (undan-dráttr, delay); hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín, Glúm. 326, Fms. ix. 251, Pass. 16. 13: mathem., d. rót undan, to extract a root, Alg. 366; d. upp, to draw a picture (upp-dráttr, a drawing), to pull up, Edda I; to pull out of the snow, Eg. 546; d. út, to extract, draw out, 655 xxxii. 2; d. undir sik, to draw under oneself, to embezzle, Eg. 61, Fms. vii. 128; d. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor, Jb. 403; d. upp segl, to hoist sail, vide above; ljós brann í stofunni ok var dregit upp, Sturl. i. 142; þar brann ljós ok var dregit upp, en myrkt hit neðra, ii. 230; ok er mönnum var í sæti skipat vóru log upp dregin í stofunni, iii. 182; herbergis sveinarnir drógu upp skriðljósin, Fas. iii. 530, cp. Gísl. 29, 113,—in the old halls the lamps (torches) were hoisted up and down, in order to make the light fainter or stronger; d. e-n til e-s, to draw one towards a thing; mikit dregr mik til þess, Fs. 9; engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, i. e. it is not by my own choice that I undertake this journey, Fms. ix. 352; slíkt dró hann til vinsældar, this furthered him in popularity, vii. 175, Sks. 443 B; mun hann slíkt til d., it will move, influence him, Nj. 210; ef hann drægi ekki til, if he was not concerned, 224.

2. draga til is used absol. or ellipt., denoting the course of fate, and many of the following phrases are almost impers.; nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out worse, Nj. 175; búð, dragi til þess sem vera vill, Lat. fata evenient, 185; ef honum vill þetta til dauða d., if this draw to his death, prove fatal to him, 103, Grett. 114; þat samband þeirra er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will be fatal to both of them, Nj. 135; enda varð þat fram at koma sem til dró, Ísl. ii. 263; sagði Kveldúlfr at þá ( then) mundi þar til draga sem honum hafði fyrir boðat, Eg. 75; dró til vanda með þeim Rúti ok Unni, it was the old story over again, Nj. 12; dró til vanda um tal þeirra, 129; at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that mickle mischief would arise from this bargain, 30; dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began over again, Fms. x. 161; ok er úvíst til hvers um dregr, Fs. 6; svá er þat, segir Runólfr, ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforeseen things happen, Nj. 75; hón kvað eigi úlíkligt at til mikils drægi um, Ísl. ii. 19; þá dró nú til hvárttveggja. Bret.; hence til-drög. n. pl. cause.

B. IMPERS.

1. of clouds, shade, darkness, to be drawn before a thing as a veil; dimmu (acc.) þykir á draga ráðit Odds, it looked as if gloom were drawing over Odd’s affairs, Band. 10; ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar (acc.), it began to draw into showers, i. e. clouds began to gather, Fms. iii. 206: often ellipt., hratt stundum fyrir en stundum dró frá, [ clouds] drew sometimes over, sometimes off, of the moon wading through them, Grett. 114; dregr fyrir sól, [ a veil] draws over the sun, he is hid in clouds; ský vónarleysu döpur drjúgum dró fyrir mína gleði-sól, Bb. 2. 9; dregr á gleði biskups, [ clouds] drew over the bishop’s gladness, it was eclipsed, Bs. ii. 79; eclipsis heitir er fyrir dregr sól eðr tungl, it is called an eclipse when [ a veil] draws over the sun or moon, 1812. 4; tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir, the moonshine was clear, and in turn [ a veil] drew over it, Nj. 118; þá sá lítið af tungli ljóst ok dró ymist til eðr frá, Ísl. ii. 463; þat gerðisk, at á dregr tunglit, ok verðr eclipsis, Al. 54.

2. in various connections; dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you were drawn into a thrashing (i. e. got one), but we escaped, Nj. 141; hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape, Fms. ix. 392: absol., a noun or personal pronoun in acc. being understood, lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little power of drawing out of thy reach, i. e. thy blow did its work right well. Nj. 199, 155; hvárki dró sundr né saman með þeim, of two running a dead heat: metaph. phrases, mun annarsstaðar meira slóða (acc.) draga, there will be elsewhere a greater trial left, i. e. the consequences will be still worse elsewhere, 54; saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together, of a loving pair, Bárð. 271; saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain, literally the bargain was drawn tight, Nj. 49; hann hreinsar þat skjótt þóat nokkut im (acc.) hafi á oss dregit af samneyti ( although we have been a little infected by the contact with) annarlegs siðferðis, Fms. ii. 261; allt slafr (acc.) dró af Hafri, i. e. H. became quite mute, Grett. (in a verse): in a temp. sense, til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew nigh, Fms. x. 138; þá er dró at miðri nótt, Grett. 140; þá er dregr at Jólum, Yule drew nigh, Fbr. 138; dregr at hjaldri, the battle-hour draws nigh, Fms. vi. (in a verse); dró at því (the time drew nigh), at hann var banvænn, Eg. 126: of sickness, hunger, or the like, to sink, be overcome by, svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd ok þorsta, at…, Fms. iii. 96; nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, thou art sinking fast, Fas. ii. 221; ok er lokið var kvæðinu dregr at Oddi fast, O. was sinking fast, 321: of other things, tók þá at d. fast at heyjum hans, his stock was very low, Fms. iii. 208; þoku dregr upp, a fog draws on, rises, 97 (in a verse), but ok taki sú poka (nom.) fyrir at d. norðrljósit, Sks. an (better þá þoku, acc.)

C. REFLEX, to draw oneself, move; ef menn dragask til föruneytis þeirra ( join them) úbeðit, Grág. ii. 270; Sigvaldi dregsk út frá flotanum, S. draws away from the fleet, Fms. xi. 140; ofmjök dragask lendir menn fram, i. e. the barons drew far too forward, vii. 22; hyski drósk á flótta, they drew away to flight, Fms. vi. (in a verse); skeiðr drógusk at vígi, the ships drew on to battle, iii. 4 (in a verse); dragask undir = draga undir sik, to take a thing to oneself, Grág. ii. 150; dragask á hendr e-m, drógusk opt þeir menn á hendr honum er úskilamenn voru, Sturl. i. 136; dragask e-n á hendr, hann kvað þess enga ván, at hann drægisk þá á hendr, ii. 120; dragask aptr á leið, to remain behind, Rb. 108; dragask út, to recede, of the tide, 438; dragask saman, to draw back, draw together, be collected, Fms. i. 25, Bs. i. 134; e-m dragask penningar, Fms. vi. 9; d. undan, to be delayed, x. 251; the phrase, herr, lið dregsk e-m, the troops draw together, of a levy, i. 94, vii. 176, Eg. 277; dragask á legg, to grow up, Hkr. iii. 108; sem aldr hans ok vitsmunir drógusk fram, increased, Fms. vi. 7; þegar honum drósk aldr, when he grew up, Fs. 9; dragask á legg, to grow into a man; dragask við e-t, to become discouraged, Fms. viii. 65; d. vel, illa, to do well, ill, Fs. 146: to be worn out, exhausted, drósk þá liðit mjök af kulda, Sturl. iii. 20; drósk hestr hans, ii. 75: part. dreginn, drawn, pinched, starved, hestar mjök dregnir, Fms. ix. 276; görðisk fénaðr dreginn mjök, drawn, thin, iii. 208; stóð þar í heykleggi einn ok dregit at öllu megin, a tapering hayrick, Háv. 53: of sickness, Herra Andrés lagðisk sjúkr, ok er hann var dreginn mjök, Fms. ix. 276.

β. recipr., þau drógusk um einn gullhring, they fought, pulled. Fas. iii. 387. From the reflex. probably originates, by dropping the reflex. suffix, the mod. Swed. and Dan. at draga = to go, esp. of troops or a body of men; in old writers the active form hardly ever occurs in this sense (the reading drógu in the verse Fms. iii. 4 is no doubt false); and in mod. usage it is equally unknown in Icel., except maybe in allit. phrases as, e. g. út á djúpið hann Oddr dró, Snot 229 new Ed.; to Icel. ears draga in this sense sounds strange; even the reflex. form is seldom used in a dignified sense; vide the references above.

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(gen. pl. merkja), n.

1) boundary, = landamerki;

2) banner, standard (tók merkit af stönginni);

3) mark, token, sign (mun þat til merkja, at þeir Grímr munu heim koma); þessir menn, er náliga vóru með øngum merkjum, of no mark, distinction;

4) remains, traces (þeir lögðu ok garðinn sem enn sér m.).

* * *

n., gen. pl. merkja, dat. merkjum, [mark]:—a landmark, boundary, esp. in pl., Grág. ii. 213, 216, 223, 279, 285, N. G. L. i. 41, 307, passim; also landa-merki, q. v.: sing. a mark, færa mark til síns merkis, Grág. i. 416.

2. a milit. term, a banner, standard, Nj. 127, Eg. 88, 268, Fms. vi. 334–336, 406, 407, 412, 413, 419, ix. 25; mælti hann til Halldórs Snorrasonar, at hann skyldi djarfliga bera fram merkit, Halldórr svarar heldr styggliga, beri héri merki fyrir þér rögum! vi. 159: for a classical passage as to a charmed standard (a raven), see Orkn. ch. 11, cp. Þorst. Síðu H. ch. 2, Nj. 158 (in the battle of Clontarf), as also Ó. H. (1853) ch. 201, 219, 221, 225, 227: a standard for procession in churches, Vm. 22, 52, Pm. 66.

II. a mark, token, sign; ok mun þat til merkja, at þeir Grímr munu heim koma, Nj. 197; ok hefir þat orðit til merkja, at, Eg. 766; þessir menn er náliga vóru með öngum merkjum, of no mark, distinction, Fms. xi. 261; merki munu þér at þykkja ef ek segi þér frá honum, Edda 47.

2. signification, importance; mikil merki í þessi tölu, Hom. 72; þau hafa mörg merki í sér, 51; þeirra manna er nokkut merki ( distinction) var at, Sturl. i. 186.

3. remains, traces; hennar merki má hvergi sjá, Al. 93; þeir lögðu ok garðinn sem enn sér merki, Eb. 132; vil ek sjá þau merki er þar hafa orðit, Ó. H. 238.

COMPDS: merkisburðr, merkismaðr.

afráð, afroð, and afhroð, n. (Fas. iii. 169), [cp. Swed. afrad; from roð, rud, fundus, ager (?)].

I. prop, a Norse and Swedish law term, tribute, ground tax, payable to the king; a. ok landaura, N. G. L. i. 257, D. N. iii. 408. So also in Vsp. 27, hvárt skyldu æsir a. gjalda, where it is opp. to gildi, league.

II. metaph. loss, damage,

1. in the phrase, gjalda a., to pay a heavy fine, suffer a great loss; en þat a. munu vér gjalda, at margir munu eigi kunna frá at segja hvárir sigrast, there will be so heavy a loss in men, such a havoc in killed, Nj. 197 (where most MSS. read afroð, some afrað, Ed. afrauð); töluðu þeir opt um málaferlin, sagði Flosi, at þeir hefði mikit a. goldit þegar, 254 (MSS. afrað, afroð, and afhroð); Lýtingr mun þykjast áðr mikit a. goldit hafa í láti bræðra sinna, 155 (MSS. afrað, afroð, and afhroð), Fms. x. 324.

2. in the phrase, göra mikit a., to make a great havoc; görði hann mikit afhroð í sinni vörn, great slaughter, Fas. iii. 169: cp. Lex. Poët.

3. advice, Vtkv. 5; the verse is spurious and the meaning false.

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(dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn), v.

1) to draw, drag, pull;

draga heim viðinn, to drag the logs home;

draga árar, to pull the oars;

absol., drógu þeir skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them;

draga boga, to draw the bow;

draga segl, to hoist sails (= draga upp segl);

draga fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line;

draga kvernstein, to turn the millstone, to grind;

við ramman mun reip at draga, it will be pulling a rope against a strong man, i. e. it will be a difficult task;

2) to draw, inhale (draga úþefjan með nösum);

draga nasir af e-u, to smell a thing;

draga öndina, to breathe, live;

3) to procure, earn, gain (þegar hann hafði fé dregit sem hann vildi);

draga e-m e-t, to procure (or get) one a thing (eigi sögðust þeir vita, at hann drœgi Haraldi ríki);

4) to employ as a measure (draga kvarða við viðmál);

5) to prolong protract (dvalir þessar drógu tímann);

6) to delay, put off, defer;

vil ek þessi svör ekki láta draga fyrir mér lengi, I will not wait long for these answers;

hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge;

7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli);

í þann tíma sem hann dregr klæðaföllin (the folds);

8) to trim or line garments (treyjan var dregin útan ok innan við rauða silki);

with dat., hjálmr hans var dreginn leiri (overlaid with clay), er áðr var (dreginn) gulli;

9) intrans to move, draw;

drógu þeir þeim svá nær (came so near to them), at;

10) with preps.:

draga föt, skóklædi af e-m, to pull off one’s clothes, shoes;

draga hring af hendi sér, to take off a ring from one’s hand;

dró hann þá grunninu, he pulled them off the shallow;

draga e-t af e-u, to draw, derive from a source;

draga e-t af, to take off (Þ. hafði látit af draga brúna);

draga e-t af við e-n, to keep back, withhold, from one;

man héðan af eigi af dregit við oss, henceforth we shall no be neglected, stinted;

Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself;

draga vél at e-m, to draw wiles around one;

draga spott, skaup, at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule;

draga at lið, föng, to collect troops, stores;

dró at honum sóttin, the illness drew closer to him, he grew worse;

impers., dró at mætti hans, dró at um matt hans, his strength declined (fell off);

til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew near;

þá er dregr at jólum, when Yule drew near;

dró at því (the time drew near). at hann væri banvænn;

tók þá at draga fast at heyjum hans, his stock of hay was rapidly diminishing;

svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd, þorsta, I am so overcome by old age, hunger, thirst;

nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, that thou art sinking fast;

draga hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand;

draga (grun) á e-t, to suspect;

draga á vetr, to rear through the winter (Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið);

impers., dregr á tunglit, the moon is obscured (= dregr myrkr á tunglit);

dimmu þykkir draga á ráðit Odds, it looks as if a cloud was drawing over Odds’ affairs;

dregr á gleði biskups, the bishop’s gladness was obscured;

draga eptir e-m, to gain on one (Þórarinn sótti ákaft róðrinn ok hans menn, ok drógu skjótt eptir þeim Steinólfi ok Kjallaki);

draga eptir e-m um e-t, to approach one, to be nearly equal to one, in a thing;

um margar íþróttir (in many accomplishments) dró hann fast eptir Ólafi konungi;

draga e-t fram, to produce, bring forward (draga fram athugasamlig dœmi); to further, promote (draga fram hlut e-s);

draga fram kaupeyri sinn, to make money;

draga fram skip, to launch a ship;

impers., dregr frá, (cloud darkness) is drawn off;

hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum dró frá, (clouds) drew sometimes over, sometimes off;

dregr fyrir sól, tungl, the sun, moon is obscured by clouds or eclipse (tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir);

ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar, when showers began to gather;

draga e-ð saman, to collect, gather (draga lið, her, skip saman);

impers., saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain;

saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together;

dregr þá saman or dregr saman með þeim, the distance between them grows less;

draga e-t í sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin (vil ek eigi draga í sundr sættir yðrar);

impers., dregr þá í sundr or dregr í sundr með þeim, the distance between them increases;

draga e-n til e-s, to move, prompt, induce;

engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, it is not from wantonness that I undertake this journey;

slíkt dregr hann til vinsældar, this furthers his popularity;

ef hann drógi ekki til, if he was not concerned;

draga e-t til dœmis um e-t, to adduce as a proof of;

hann hét at draga allt til sætta (to do everything in his power for reconciliation) með þeim Skota konungi;

impers., nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out for the worse;

with dat., þat samband þeirra, er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will prove fatal to both of them;

at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that much mischief would arise from this bargain;

dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began all over again;

svá er þat, segir R., ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforesceen thing happens;

draga e-t undan e-m, to seek to deprive one of a thing (þeir hafa bundizt í því at draga bœndr undan þér);

draga e-t undan, to delay (drógu Skotar undan sættina);

hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín? why dost thou put off inviting me to come?;

draga rót undan (tölu), to extract the root;

draga undan e-m, to escape from one (nú lægir seglin þeirra ok draga þeir undan oss);

impers., hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape;

lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little chance of drawing out of thy reach;

draga e-t undir sik, to apropriate or take fraudulently to oneself (hafði dregit undir sik finnskattinn);

impers., dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you came in for hard uasge but we escaped;

draga upp skip, to drag a ship ashore;

draga upp segl, to hoist a sail (sails);

draga upp fisk, to pull up fish with a line;

impers., þoku dregr upp, fog is coming on;

11) refl., dragast.

f. only in pl. ‘drögur’,

1) timber carried on horseback and trailing along the ground;

2) metric term, repetition, anadiplosis (when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one).

* * *

u, f., vide drögur.

u, f., only in pl. drögur, timber carried on horseback and trailing along the ground, Glúm. 368; dragna-hross, a dray-horse, 369: metric. term, a sort of anadiplosis, when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one, Edda (Ht.) 126, Skálda 191.

adj. (also spelt gleggr and gleyggr), acc. glöggvan with a final v in the weak cases; compar. glöggra and glöggvari; superl. glöggstr and glöggvastr; [the prob. Goth. form is glaggvus; A. S. gleaw; Hel. glau; Scot. gleg = quick, clever; O. H. G. glaw]:—clear-sighted, and in metaph. sense clever, of things clear, distinct; ok hafa þat allt er hitsug leifir eðr glöggra er, Grág. i. 7; glöggt er gests augat, sharp ( prying) is the stranger’s eye, a saying; skýring eðr glöggvari greining, a clearer distinction, Skálda 205; Stjörnu-Oddi er gleyggstr var í allri tölu ok himintungla-gangi, Rb. 90; glöggr til brjósts ok bækr, Thom. 12:—neut., skýra glöggt frá e-u, to expound distinctly, Hom. 47; eigi þarf glöggra at skýra, 52; eigi er mér þat glöggt, ‘tis not clear to me, Grett. 108; vera glöggrar greinar, to distinguish sharply, Bs. ii. 11; hón kenndi hann glöggt, she knew him well, Fms. iv. 131; Þorgnýr föður-faðir minn mundi glöggt ( remembered clearly) Eirík Uppsala-konung, 162; mun ek glöggt vita hvárt rétt er ráðit eðr eigi, vii. 107; víðast af löndum spurði hann um siðu manna þá menn er glöggst vissu, Hkr. ii. 61; vita gleygt, id., 625. 96.

2. metaph. stingy; sýtir æ glöggr við gjöfum, a saying, Hm. 47; glöggr við gesti, a stingy host, Hym. 9; glöggr flugar, poët. unflinching, Skv. 1. 7; fé-glöggr, stingy of money; matar-g., stingy of meat; hugar-g., mean, Fbr. 162 (in a verse).

1) giantess;

2) bug-bear (ekki hirði ek um grýlur yðrar).

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u, f. an ogre, answering to the Gr. μορμώ, Lat. lamia, used to frighten children with, represented as an old hag with a bag kidnapping and devouring naughty children—over the good she has no power: the songs Grýlu-kvæði, n. (vide Snót 286–298, 2nd Ed.), are great favourites in popular lore: in olden times grýla was sometimes described as a fox with many tails; the fox is in Edda (Gl.) called grýla; a giantess also in Edda (Gl.) is so called; cp. the rhymes in Sturl. ii. 59,—hér fer Grýla í garð ofan | ok hefir á sér hala fimtán; and the mod.,—Grýla reið fyrir ofan garð, hafði hala fimtán | en í hverjum hala hundrað belgi, en í hverjum belgi börn tuttugu, etc.

II. a bugbear; ekki hirði ek um grýlur yðrar, Þórð. 26 new Ed.; þótti þeir hafa gört sér grýlur um sumarit, Sturl. iii. 244; hví mun ek eigi fara hina skemri leiðina ok hræðask ekki grýlur Bruna, Fas. ii. 118; kölluðu menn því enn fyrra hlut (of a book) grýlu, at margir töluðu at þá efnaðisk nokkurr ótti eðr hræðsla, … en mundi skjótt niðr falla ok at alls engu verða, Fb. ii. 534. For the mod. popular tales of Grýla see esp. Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 218–221.

(hygg, hugða, hugðr and hugaðr), v.

1) to think, believe;

hugðu þó mjök sér hvárir-tveggju, they were of different opinions;

2) to guess;

fár hyggr þegjanda þörf, few can guess the needs of him that is silent;

3) to intend, purpose (sóknargögn þau, er hann hugði fram at fœra);

mæla fagrt, ok flátt hyggja, to speak fair and mean false;

mæla hugat (af hugðu), to speak sincerely;

4) hyggja e-m e-t, to intend a thing for one, to have in store for one (þóttist þann vita, at honum mundi slíkr kostr hugaðr);

hyggja e-m vel, to be well disposed towards a person;

hyggja e-u illa, to be ill pleased with;

ok munu þau vel hyggja ( they will be glad), er þau hafa akrinn;

5) with preps.:

hyggja af e-u, to leave off thinking about, forget or drop (hyggja af harmi, heimsku);

hyggja af um leitina, to give up the search;

hyggja at e-u, to attend to, mind, look at;

konungr hugði vandliga at manninum, the king looked closely at the man;

hyggja á e-t, to think of (hyggja á flótta);

ef hann á grið hygði, if he thought of any breach of faith;

hyggja fyrir e-u, to look to, take heed to (hygg nú svá fyrir hag þínum);

hyggja til e-s, to look forward to with pleasure, etc. (hversu hyggr þú til at deyja? gott hygg ek til bana míns);

hyggja um e-t, to think about a thing;

hyggja um með e-m, to deliberate with one about a thing;

6) refl., hyggjast, to think;

hyggst þú betr gøra munu? thinkst thou thou canst do it better? hyggjast fyrir, to hesitate;

hyggst vætr hvatr fyrir, a valiant man flinches for nought.

f. thought, mind, opinion.

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u, f. thought, mind, opinion; h. ok hugleiðing, MS. 4. 7; at sinni hyggju, N. G. L. ii. 173; Guðleg h., Róm. 308: understanding, mannleg h., Stj.; fyrr fullkominn at hyggju en vetra-tölu, Ld. 18: á-hyggja, care, anxiety; fyrir-h., forethought; van-h., want of forethought; um-hyggja, concern.

COMPDS: hyggjulauss, hyggjuleysi.

n. a taking councel, plan, design; Brynjólfr lét ílla yfir þessi ráðagörð, Eg; 24, 765, Fms. vii. 258, Fs. 39, 55; þeir ræddu opt inn ráðagörð sína. Eg. 115; töluðu þau leyniliga r. sína, Nj. 5; hafa áhyggjur ok ráðagörðir, plannings, Fms. i. 84; hann hafði r. fyrir liðinu, Fb. i. 351.

1) talk, parley, conversation;

vera (sitja) á tali við e-n, to be (sit) talking with (ek hefi verit á tali við Hrafn ok Sturlu);

eiga tal við e-n, to have a talk with;

taka tal sitt, taka tal með sér, to begin to talk together;

skilja talit, to cease talking;

hélt biskup mikit tal af honum, held much talk with him;

taka annat tal, to change the conversation to another subject;

2) speech, language (þú munt vera útlendr, því at tal þitt ok yfirbragð er ekki líkt hérlenzku fólki);

3) tale, number;

tólf einir talsins, only twelve in number;

vera í bónda tali, to be reckoned among peasants;

4) tale, list, series (konungatal, skalda-tal).

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n. [tala, the verb], talk, parley, conversation; töluðu þeir lengi, fór tal þeirra vel, Nj. 11; en í þessu tali þeirra bræðra, whilst they were talking, 23; stundum var hann á tali við menn, Eg. 2; þeir bræðr vóru optliga á tali við konung, 60; hélt biskup mikit tal af honum, held much talk with him, Bs. i. 716; sátu þau öll samt á tali, kom þat upp ór tali þeirra, Fms. iv. 196; skilja talið, 142; eiga tal við e-n, hafa tal af e-m, taka annat tal, to change the conversation to another subject.

2. speech, language; þú munt vera útlendr, þvíat tal þitt ok yfirbragð er ekki líkt hérlenzku fólki, Fb. i. 79, Stj. 94, 204.

II. [telja], a tale, number; í bónda-tali, Bs. i. 716; í tali með öðrum himin-tunglum, Barl. 133; engi veit töl á, Bret. 86; daga-tal, tale of days: gen. tals, in number; tólf einir talsins, Barl. 169; krossa fimm at tali, Pm. 85.

2. a tale, list, series; ættar-tal, a pedigree; konunga-tal, Fb. ii. 520; presta-tal, skálda-tal, Lögmanna-tal, a list of priests, poets, ‘lawmen;’ fara á þing ok bjóða sik í tal með öðrum mönnum, and enter the lists, N. G. L. i. 99; ó-tal, countless. tals-verðr, adj. worth counting or worth speaking of, considerable.

f. plan, design (töluðu þeir leyniliga ráðagørð sína);

hafa áhyggjur ok ráðagørðir, to make plans.